method for controlling the operation of a wind turbine included in a power generation and delivery s

专利摘要:
METHOD TO CONTROL THE OPERATION OF A WIND TURBINE INCLUDED IN A POWER GENERATION AND DELIVERY SYSTEM AND POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM This is a method for the operation of controlling a wind turbine included in a generation and delivery system. of power. The method includes receiving, by a controller, a power command signal, in which the power command signal indicates the recovery of the grid contingency event; and it increases, in a non-uniform way, the power injected in a grid by a power conversion assembly in response to the power command signal, in which the controller controls the power conversion assembly.
公开号:BR102013029008B1
申请号:R102013029008-4
申请日:2013-11-11
公开日:2020-12-08
发明作者:Einar Vaughn Larsen；Arne Koerber
申请人:General Electric Company；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The subject described in this document refers, in general, to the operation of controlling a wind turbine and, more specifically, to the operation of controlling a wind turbine in response to a contingency event of power grid. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] Wind turbine generators use wind energy to produce electrical power. Wind turbine generators typically include a rotor that has multiple blades that transform wind energy into rotational movement of a drive shaft that, in turn, is used to drive an electric generator to produce electrical power. Each of the multiple blades can be tilted to increase or decrease the rotational speed of the rotor. A power output from a wind turbine generator increases with the wind speed until the wind speed reaches a rated wind speed for the turbine. At and above rated wind speed, the wind turbine generator operates at rated power. Nominal power is an output power at which a wind turbine generator can operate with a level of fatigue relative to turbine components that is predetermined to be acceptable. At wind speeds greater than a certain speed, or at a level of wind turbulence that exceeds a predetermined magnitude, typically called a "cut-off limit" or "monitoring setpoint limit", wind turbines can be deactivated, or loads they can be reduced by regulating the slope of the blades or rotor braking to protect wind turbine components from damage.
[003] The variable speed operation of the wind turbine generator facilitates the marked capture of energy by the wind turbine generator when compared to a constant speed operation of the wind turbine generator, however, the variable speed operation of the wind turbine generator produces electricity that has variable voltage and / or frequency. More specifically, the frequency of electricity generated by the variable speed wind turbine generator is proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotor. A power converter can be coupled between the electric generator and a utility grid. The power converter emits electricity that has a fixed voltage and frequency for delivery to the utility grid.
[004] A balance between a rotor torque created by interaction of the rotor blades and the wind and a generator torque facilitates the stable operation of the wind turbine. Wind turbine adjustments, for example, blade pitch adjustments, or mains events, for example, low voltages or zero voltage in the mains, can cause an imbalance between the rotor torque caused by the wind and the generator torque. The electric generator has an air gap torque between the rotor and generator stator that opposes the torque applied by the rotor. The power converter also controls the air gap torque, which makes it easier to control the power output of the electric generator. However, the wind turbine may not be able to operate through certain mains events, or it may suffer wear and / or damage due to certain mains events, due to a period of time required for adjustments for the turbine operation wind turbine function after detecting the mains event. Additionally, at the time of power output control after a mains event, rotor vibration and acceleration can become a problem, depending on the rate at which the power output is reset.
[005] Therefore, methods and systems that overcome technical challenges are desired, some of which are described above. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[006] In one embodiment, a method for operating a wind turbine control included in a power generation and delivery system, in which the wind turbine comprises a rotor comprising a plurality of rotor blades, an electric generator, a power converter, and a controller, is provided. The method includes measuring at least one operating condition of the power generation and delivery system; transmit, to a power limiting system, an operating condition feedback signal that corresponds to the operating condition; analyze, using the power limiting system, the operating condition feedback signal to identify an occurrence of an electrical network contingency event; generate, using the power limiting system, a power command signal that corresponds to the occurrence of the electrical network contingency event; transmit the power command signal to the controller; and, control the operation of the power converter based at least in part on the power command signal by increasing the actual current output by the power converter unevenly when the power command signal indicates recovery from the contingency event of electrical network.
[007] In another embodiment, a method of recovering from an electrical network contingency event is provided. The method includes receiving, by a controller, a power command signal, in which the power command signal indicates the recovery of the electrical network contingency event. The method also includes increasing, in a non-uniform manner, the power injected into an electrical network by a power conversion assembly in response to the power command signal, in which the controller controls the power conversion assembly.
[008] In another embodiment, a power generation and distribution system is provided. The power generation and distribution system includes an electric generator and a power conversion assembly coupled to the electric generator and an electric utility network. The power conversion assembly is configured to receive power generated by the electric generator and to convert the received power into a power suitable for transmission through the utility grid. The power conversion assembly is additionally configured to increase a real current output by the power conversion assembly in a non-uniform manner upon receipt of a real current control signal that corresponds to the recovery of a mains contingency event. The power generation and distribution system also includes a power limiting system communicably coupled to the power conversion assembly and configured to provide a real current control signal to the power conversion assembly. The actual current control signal based at least partially on at least one measured indicator of a mains contingency event. The power limiting system includes a memory configured to store at least one variable that corresponds to the occurrence of the electrical network contingency event.
[009] The additional benefits will be presented in part in the description that follows or can be learned by practice. The advantages will be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations particularly indicated in the attached claims. It should be understood that both the preceding general description and the following detailed description are only explanatory and are not restrictive as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[010] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a wind turbine.
[011] Figure 2 is a particularly sectional view of a portion of the wind turbine shown in Figure 1.
[012] Figure 3 is a block diagram of the wind turbine shown in Figure 1.
[013] Figure 4 is a block diagram of a power generation and delivery system that can include the wind turbine shown in Figure 1.
[014] Figure 5 is a block diagram of a power limiting system that can be included in the power generation and delivery system shown in Figure 4.
[015] Figure 6 is a block diagram of a mains-dependent power limiter that can be included in the power limiter system shown in Figure 5.
[016] Figures 7A and 7B are non-limiting examples of graphical representations of non-uniform feed rates for power injection into the power grid during the recovery from a power grid contingency event.
[017] Figure 8 is a graphical view of a power line voltage versus time that can be associated with the wind turbine shown in Figure 1.
[018] Figure 9 illustrates a power output simulation of a wind turbine included in a power generation and delivery system by recovering an electrical network contingency event that compares the uniform recovery rate (dashed line) with non-uniform recovery rate (continuous line).
[019] Figure 10 illustrates a generator speed simulation of a wind turbine included in a power generation and delivery system by recovering an electrical network contingency event that compares the uniform recovery rate (dashed line) with a non-uniform recovery rate (continuous line).
[020] Figure 11 is a flow chart showing a method of operating the wind turbine control shown in Figure 1. DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[021] Before the present methods and systems are described, it should be understood that the methods and systems are not limited to specific synthetic methods, specific components, or to particular compositions. It should also be understood that the terminology used in this document is to describe particular achievements only and is not intended to be limiting.
[022] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "o", "a" include plural referents, unless the context clearly specifies otherwise. The ranges can be expressed in this document as “about” a particular value, and / or even “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another realization includes from a particular value and / or up to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, using the antecedent "about" it will be understood that the particular value forms another realization. It will be further understood that the end points of each strip are significant in relation to the other end point, and independently of the other end point.
[023] "Optional" or "optionally" means that the event or circumstance described subsequently may or may not occur, and that the description includes cases in which said event or circumstance occurs and cases in which it does not.
[024] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the word "understand" and variations of the word, such as "that understands" and "understands", means "includes, but is not limited to", and is not intended to exclude, for example, other additives, components, whole numbers or steps. "Exemplary" means "an example of" and is not intended to convey an indication of a preferred or ideal achievement. “As is” is not used with a restrictive meaning, but for explanatory purposes.
[025] As used in this document, the term "blade" is intended to be representative of any device that provides reactive force when in motion relative to a surrounding fluid. As used herein, the term "wind turbine" is intended to be representative of any device that generates rotational energy from wind energy and, more specifically, converts kinetic energy from wind into mechanical energy. As used herein, the term "wind turbine generator" is intended to be representative of any wind turbine that generates electrical power from rotational energy generated from wind energy and, more specifically, converts mechanical energy converted from kinetic energy from wind in electrical power.
[026] Components that can be used to perform the methods and systems are described. These and other components are described in this document, and it is understood that when combinations, subsets, interactions, groups, etc. of these components are described that, although specific reference to each of the various individual and collective combinations and their permutation may not be explicitly described, each is specifically contemplated and described in this document for all methods and systems. This applies to all achievements of that application that includes, but is not limited to, steps in methods. Thus, if there are a variety of additional steps that can be performed, it is understood that each of these additional steps can be performed with any specific realization or combination of realizations of the methods.
[027] The present methods and systems can be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and the examples included in the present invention and the Figures and in the state of the art.
[028] Technical effects of the methods, systems and computer-readable media described in this document include at least one of: (a) measuring a terminal mains voltage; (b) supplying a power limiting system with a terminal mains voltage feedback signal that corresponds to the terminal mains voltage; (c) generate, using the power limiting system, a real current command signal based at least partially on the terminal voltage feedback signal; (d) supply the actual current command signal to the controller; and (e) apply the actual current command signal to the performance of the power converter so that the actual current output by the power converter increases unevenly upon receipt of a real current control signal that corresponds to the recovery from an electrical network contingency event.
[029] The computer-readable methods, systems and media described in this document facilitate the identification of an electrical network contingency event and a quick response to the electrical network contingency event. The rapid response can reduce or substantially eliminate polar pitch slip in the wind turbine generator and facilitate the establishment of the wind turbine and utility grid. The non-uniform rate of power output return after a mains contingency event can reduce or eliminate rotor vibration and acceleration and / or overrun.
[030] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a wind turbine 10. Figure 2 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a portion of wind turbine 10. The wind turbine 10 described and shown in this document is a generator of wind turbine to generate electrical power from wind energy. In addition, the wind turbine 10 described and illustrated in the present document includes a horizontal geometry axis configuration, however, in some embodiments, the wind turbine 10 may include, in addition or as an alternative to the horizontal geometric axis configuration, a geometric axis configuration vertical (not shown). The wind turbine 10 can be coupled to an electrical load (not shown in Figure 1), such as, but not limited to, a power grid, to receive electrical power from it to trigger the wind turbine operation 10 and / or its associated components and / or to provide electrical power generated by wind turbine 10 thereto. Although only one wind turbine 10 is shown in Figures 1 and 2, in some embodiments, a plurality of wind turbines 10 can be grouped, sometimes called a "wind farm".
[031] The wind turbine 10 includes a body or nacelle 12 and a rotor (generally designated as 14) coupled to nacelle 12 for rotation in relation to nacelle 12 around a geometry axis of rotation 20. In the realization, nacelle 12 it is mounted on a tower 16, however, in some embodiments, in addition to or as an alternative to the tower-mounted nacelle 12, the nacelle 12 can be positioned adjacent to the ground and / or a water surface. The height of the tower 16 can be any suitable height that allows the wind turbine 10 to function as described in this document. Rotor 14 includes a hub 22 and a plurality of blades 24 (sometimes called "airfoils") that extends radially outward from hub 22 to convert wind energy into rotational energy. Although rotor 14 is described and illustrated herein document as having three blades 24, rotor 14 can have any number of blades 24. Blades 24 can each be of any length that allows wind turbine 10 to function as described in this document. For example, in some embodiments, one or more rotor blades 24 are about half a meter long, while in some embodiments, one or more rotor blades 24 are about fifty meters long Other examples of blade lengths 24 include ten meters or less, about twenty meters, about thirty-seven meters, and about forty meters. Still other examples include rotor blades between about fifty and about one hundred meters in length, and blades of ro greater than a hundred meters in length.
[032] Despite the way in which rotor blades 24 are illustrated in Figure 1, rotor 14 can have blades 24 of any shape, and can have blades 24 of any type and / or any configuration, be that shape, type, and / or configuration described and / or illustrated in this document. An example of another type, shape, and / or configuration of blades 24 is a Darrieus wind turbine, sometimes called an "eggbeater" turbine. Yet another example of another type, shape, and / or configuration of blades 24 is a Savonious wind turbine. In addition, the wind turbine 10 may, in some embodiments, be a wind turbine in which the rotor 14 in general is turned against the wind to take advantage of wind energy, and / or may be a wind turbine in which the rotor 14 in general is turned downwind to harness energy. Of course, in any of the embodiments, the rotor 14 may not be turned exactly against the wind and / or downwind, but it can generally be turned at any angle (which can be variable) in relation to a wind direction for harness energy from it.
[033] Referring now to Figure 2, the wind turbine 10 includes an electric generator 26 coupled to the rotor 14 to generate electrical power from the rotational energy generated by the rotor 14. The generator 26 can be any suitable type of electric generator, such as, but not limited to, a coiled rotor induction generator, a double feed induction generator (DFIG, also known as double feed asynchronous generators), a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PM), an electrically synchronous generator excited, and a switched reluctance generator. The generator 26 includes a stator (not shown) and a rotor (not shown) with an air gap included between them. The rotor 14 includes a rotor shaft 28 coupled to the rotor hub 22 for rotation thereof. The generator 26 is coupled to the rotor shaft 28 so that the rotation of the rotor shaft 28 triggers the rotation of the generator rotor and therefore the generator operation 26. In the realization, the generator rotor has a generator shaft 30 coupled to it and coupled to the rotor shaft 28 so that the rotation of the rotor shaft 28 triggers the rotation of the generator rotor. In other embodiments, the generator rotor is directly coupled to the rotor shaft 28, sometimes called the "direct drive wind turbine." In the realization, the generator shaft 30 is coupled to the rotor shaft 28 through a gearbox. 32, although in other embodiments the generator shaft 30 is coupled directly to the rotor shaft 28.
[034] Rotor torque 14 drives the generator rotor to thereby generate AC electrical power with variable frequency from rotor rotation 14. Generator 26 has an air gap torque between the rotor and stator of generator that opposes rotor torque 14. A power conversion assembly 34 is coupled to generator 26 to convert AC with variable frequency to AC with fixed frequency for delivering an electrical charge (not shown in Figure 2), as shown such as, but not limited to, a power grid (not shown in Figure 2), coupled to generator 26. The power conversion assembly 34 can include a single frequency converter or a plurality of frequency converters configured to convert electricity generated by generator 26 in electricity suitable for delivery through the power grid. The power conversion assembly 34 can also be referred to in this document as a power converter. The power conversion assembly 34 can be located anywhere within or remote from the wind turbine 10. For example, the power conversion assembly 34 can be located within a tower base (not shown) 16.
[035] In some embodiments, wind turbine 10 may include a rotor speed limiter, for example, but not limited to, a brake disc 36. Brake disc 36 brakes rotor rotation 14 for, for example, decrease rotor rotation 14, brake rotor 14 against full wind torque, and / or reduce electrical power generation from electric generator 26. Additionally, in some embodiments, wind turbine 10 may include a yaw system 38 for turning the nacelle 12 around a axis of rotation 40 to change a rotor yaw 14 and, more specifically, to change a direction pointed by rotor 14 to, for example, adjust an angle between the direction pointed by rotor 14 and a direction of wind.
[036] In one embodiment, the wind turbine 10 includes a variable blade tilt system 42 to control, including, but not limited to changing, a blade tilt angle 24 (shown in Figures 1 to 2) with respect to a wind direction. The tilt system 42 can be coupled with system controller 44 to control from there. The tilt system 42 is coupled to hub 22 and blades 24 to change the angle of tilt of blades 24 by rotating blades 24 relative to hub 22. Tilt actuators can include any structure, configuration, arrangement, means, and / or suitable components, are described and / or shown in this document, such as, but not limited to, electric motors, hydraulic cylinders, springs, and / or servomechanisms. In addition, the tilt actuators can be operated by any suitable means, whether described and / or shown in this document, such as, but not limited to hydraulic fluid, electrical power, electrochemical power, and / or mechanical power, such as, but not limited to, spring force.
[037] Figure 3 is a block diagram of a wind turbine realization 10. In the realization, the wind turbine 10 includes one or more system controllers 44 coupled to at least one wind turbine component 10 for general control operation. wind turbine 10 and / or operation to control its components, regardless of whether such components are described and / or shown in this document. For example, in the embodiment, the system controller 44 is coupled to the tilt system 42 to generally control the rotor 14. In the embodiment, the system controller 44 is mounted inside the nacelle 12 (shown in Figure 2), however, additional or alternatively, one or more system controllers 44 may be remote to nacelle 12 and / or other wind turbine components 10. System controllers 44 may be used for system control and monitoring in general including, without limitation, tilt regulation and speed, high speed shaft and yaw brake application, pump and yaw motor application, and / or failure monitoring. Centralized or alternatively distributed control architectures can be used in some realizations.
[038] In one embodiment, wind turbine 10 includes a plurality of sensors, for example, sensors 50, 54, and 56. Sensors 50, 54, and 56 measure a variety of parameters including, without limitation, operating conditions and atmosphere conditions. Each sensor 50, 54, and 56 can be an individual sensor or can include a plurality of sensors. Sensors 50, 54, and 56 can be any suitable sensor that has any suitable location within or remote from the wind turbine 10 that allows the wind turbine 10 to function as described in the present document. In some embodiments, sensors 50, 54, and 56 are coupled to system controller 44 to transmit measurements to system controller 44 for processing.
[039] In some embodiments, system controller 44 includes a bus 62 or other communications device to communicate information. One or more processor (s) 64 are coupled to bus 62 to process information, including information from sensors 50, 54, and 56 and / or other sensor (s). The 64 processor (s) can include at least one computer. As used in this document, the term computer is not limited to integrated circuits called, in the art, computer, but broadly refers to a processor, a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an application-specific integrated circuit , and other programmable circuits, and these terms are used interchangeably throughout this document.
[040] System controller 44 may also include one or more random access memories (RAM) 66 and / or other storage device (s) 68. RAM (s) 66 and storage device (s) 68 are coupled to the bus 62 to store and transfer information and instructions to be executed by processor (s) 64. RAM (s) 66 (and / or storage device (s) 68, if included) can also be used to store temporary variables or other information during execution of instructions per processor (s) 64. System controller 44 may also include one or more read-only memories (ROM) 70 and / or other static storage devices coupled to bus 62 to store and deliver information and static instructions (ie, without changes) to processor 64 (s). The processor (s) 64 processes information transmitted from a plurality of electrical and electronic devices that may include, without limitation, transducers from speed and power. The instructions that are executed include, without limitation, comparator and / or resident conversion algorithms. The execution of instruction sequences is not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuits and software instructions.
[041] System controller 44 may also include, or may be coupled to, input / output device (s) 72. Input / output device (s) 72 may include any device known in the art to provide input data to system controller 44 and / or to provide outputs, such as, but not limited to, yaw control and / or tilt control outputs. Instructions can be provided to RAM 66 from storage device 68 including, for example, a magnetic disk, a read-only memory integrated circuit (ROM), CD-ROM, and / or DVD, via a remote connection which is wired or wireless that provides access to one or more electronically accessible media. In some embodiments, cable-connected circuits can be used in place of or in combination with software instructions. Thus, the execution of instruction sequences is not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuits and software instructions, whether described and / or shown in this document. In addition, in the embodiment, input / output device (s) 72 may include, without limitation, computer peripherals associated with an operator interface, such as a mouse and keyboard (none shown in Figure 3). Alternatively, other computer peripherals can also be used that can include, for example, a digitizer (not shown in Figure 3). In addition, in the realization, additional output channels may include, for example, an operator interface monitor (not shown in Figure 3). System controller 44 may also include a sensor interface 74 that allows system controller 44 to communicate with sensors 50, 54, and 56 and / or other sensor (s). The sensor interface 74 may include one or more analog-to-digital converters that convert analog signals to digital signals that can be used by processor (s) 64.
[042] In one embodiment, the wind turbine 10 includes a phase capture loop (PLL) 80 regulator. The PLL 80 regulator is coupled to sensor 54. In the realization, sensor 54 is a voltage transducer configured to measure a terminal mains voltage output by the frequency converter 34. Alternatively, the PLL regulator 80 is configured to receive a plurality of voltage measurement signals from a plurality of voltage transducers. In an example of a three-phase generator, each of the three voltage transducers is electrically coupled to each of the three phases of a mains bus. The PLL 80 regulator can be configured to receive any number of voltage measurement signals from any number of voltage transducers that allow the PLL 80 regulator to function as described in this document.
[043] Figure 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary power generation and delivery system 150. The power generation and delivery system 150 can be used with, or included within, wind turbine 10 (shown in Figures 1 and 2). System 150 includes a power source, for example, generator 26. Although described herein as a wind turbine generator 26, the power source can include any type of electric generator that allows system 150 to function as described herein. document. System 150 also includes a power converter, such as power converter 34. Power converter 34 receives variable frequency electrical power 132 generated by generator 26 and converts electrical power 132 into electrical power 134 (referred to herein as , terminal power 134) suitable for transmission through an electrical power distribution and transmission network 136 (hereinafter referred to as the public utility electrical network 136). A terminal voltage (Vt) 138 is defined at a node between the power converter 34 and the utility grid 136. A load 140 is coupled to the utility grid 136 where a Thevenin voltage is defined. As described above, the wind turbine variable speed operation 10 facilitates the sharp capture of energy when compared to a wind turbine constant speed operation 10, however, the wind turbine variable speed operation 10 produces electrical power 132 that has voltage and / or variable frequency. More specifically, the frequency of electrical power 132 generated by the variable speed wind turbine generator 26 is proportional to the rotor rotation speed 14 (shown in Figure 1). In the embodiment, the power converter 34 emits terminal power 134 which has a substantially fixed voltage and frequency for delivery to the utility grid 136.
[044] Power converter 34 also controls generator air gap torque 26. Air gap torque is present between the generator rotor (not shown in Figure 3) and the stator generator (not shown in Figure 3 ) and opposes the torque applied to generator 26 by rotor 14. A balance between a torque in rotor 14 created by the interaction of blades 24 (shown in Figure 1) and the wind and air gap torque facilitates stable wind turbine operation 10. Wind turbine adjustments, for example, blade slope adjustments, or mains events, for example, low voltage transients or zero voltage transients in the utility power grid 136, can cause an imbalance between the torque in the rotor 14 caused by wind and air gap torque. The power converter 34 controls the air gap torque that facilitates the control of the generator power output 26, however, the wind turbine 10 may not be able to operate through certain mains events, or it may suffer wear and / or damage due to certain grid events, due to a period of time required for adjustments to the wind turbine operation to take effect after detecting the grid event.
[045] In the realization, the system 150 includes a mains-dependent power limiting system 152. In the realization, a controller, for example, but not limited to, the controller 44 (shown in Figure 3), is programmed to perform the mains-dependent power limiting system functions 152. However, in alternative embodiments, mains-dependent power limiting system functions 152 can be performed by any circuits configured to allow system 150 to function as described in this document. The power limiting system 152 is configured to identify the occurrence of a mains contingency event, and provide the power converter 34 with signals that facilitate the reduction of polar step slip and provide a stable recovery of the mains event. In certain embodiments, the power converter 34 responds according to the signals provided by the power limiting system 152 and substantially eliminates polar pitch slippage.
[046] An electrical grid event, also referred to in this document as an electrical grid contingency event, can leave the utility grid 136 in a degraded mode where the grid impedance is too high to accommodate the power generated by generator 26. An example of a mains event includes a short circuit failure in one of the transmission lines within the utility grid 136. Electric transmission protection actions remove the utility grid portion with faults 136 to allow the operation of the remaining utility grid portion without faults 136. A transmission path remains that is degraded in its ability to transmit power from system 150 to load 140. Such electrical network events cause a brief period of low voltage in the utility grid 136 before releasing the failed portion of the utility grid 136. Typically, at terminal 138 will approach zero volts at the time of the mains event. Often, a low voltage transient and / or a zero voltage transient will cause a generator trip and consequences associated with semiconductor devices (for example, potential damage to wind turbine components 10). The system 150 facilitates the low voltage path through capacity (LVRT), as well as the zero voltage path through capacity (ZVRT) for wind turbine 10 so that a potential for a wind turbine generator triggers and consequences associated with wind turbine devices. semiconductor are mitigated during low voltage transients and / or zero voltage transients.
[047] Such a mains event can lead to a post-failure condition in which the high impedance of the utility grid 136 prevents the utility grid 136 from transmitting the pre-failure power of the wind generator 26 (ie ie, the utility grid impedance 136 is too high to carry the pre-failure power of the wind generator 26). On a synchronous machine, this condition can cause a rotor angle of the generator rotor to move beyond the point at which a utility grid restraint torque 136 is capable of balancing the mechanical input to the wind turbine 10, which is referred to in this document as “polar step slip”. On a machine with an electronic power interface (for example, power converter 34), this condition can lead to a series of rapid pulsations of power and voltage. Such pulsations are analogous to the polar step slip, although with the power converter 34 control algorithms govern the behavior rather than the physics of synchronous machines. Without precautions in the power converter control algorithms, polar step slip can occur.
[048] The methods and systems described in this document make it easier to avoid pulsating polar step slip and facilitate system stabilization 150 by detecting polar step slip in a short period of time, so that high level controls have time to determine actions and communicate those actions to bring the system to an acceptable condition.
[049] As shown in Figure 4, in the realization, the power conversion assembly 34 is configured to receive control signals 154 from a converter interface controller 156. Control signals 154 are based on perceived operating conditions or characteristics wind turbine operating conditions 10, as described in this document, and used to control the power conversion assembly operation 34. Examples of measured operating conditions may include, but are not limited to, a terminal mains voltage, a PLL error, a stator bus voltage, a rotor bus voltage, and / or a current. For example, sensor 54 measures the electrical voltage from terminal 138 and transmits a voltage feedback signal from electrical terminal 160 to the power limiting system 152. The power limiting system 152 generates a power command signal 162 based at least partially on feedback signal 160 and transmits power command signal 162 to converter interface controller 156. In an alternative embodiment, converter interface controller 156 is included within system controller 44. Another operating condition feedback from other sensors can also be used by controller 44 and / or converter interface controller 156 to control power conversion assembly 34. Using this feedback information and, for example, switching control signals , the stator that synchronizes switching control signals and system breaker control (triggering) signals can be generated in any r known manner. For example, for a mains voltage transient with predetermined characteristics, controller 44 and / or converter interface controller 156 will suspend, at least temporarily, the firing of IGBTs within the power conversion assembly 34. Such suspension of operation will substantially mitigate the electrical power that is directed through the power conversion assembly 34 to approximately zero.
[050] Figure 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary power limiting system, for example, the power limiting system 152. The power limiting system 152 is configured to output power command signal 162 (shown in Figure 4 ) which, in the embodiment, is at least one of a real current command signal 166 and a reactive current command signal 168. In the embodiment, the power limiter system 152 includes a power limiter 180, a power regulator 182 , and a voltage regulator 184. In the embodiment, the power limiter 180 receives at least one measured system operating condition 150. The at least one measured operating condition may include, but is not limited to, a PLL 190 from the PLL 80 regulator and voltage feedback signal from terminal 160 of sensor 54. Power limiter 180 also receives a stored reference power control signal 194 from, for example, controller system 44 (shown in Figure 3). In some embodiments, the power limiter 180 receives a mains voltage feedback signal from terminal 160 and a stored reference power control signal 194. In other embodiments, the power limiter 180 receives a PLL 190 error signal and signal stored reference power control signal 194. In other embodiments, the power limiter 180 receives both the PLL 190 error signal and the terminal 160 mains voltage feedback signal, as well as the reference power control signal stored 194. In the realization, the power limiter 180 generates a power command signal 198 and transmits the power command signal 198 to power regulator 182. Power regulator 182 generates the actual current command signal 166 and transmits the actual current command signal 166 to the converter interface controller 156. The converter interface controller 156 can also be referred to in this document then, converter trip control. As described above, the PLL regulator 80 can be included within system controller 44, or it can be coupled to, but separate from, system controller 44.
[051] In realization, the PLL 80 regulator receives the terminal voltage feedback signal 160. For example, the PLL 80 regulator can receive the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 (shown in Figure 3 as Vt) provided by the sensor 54 (shown in Figure 3). As described above, the PLL regulator 80 generates the PLL 190 error signal and a PLL 202 phase angle signal. The PLL 202 phase angle signal is transmitted to the converter interface controller 156 for control assembly 34 and for subsequent control of electrical currents injected into the utility grid 136 (shown in Figure 4).
[052] Figure 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary mains-dependent power limiter, for example, power limiter 180 (shown in Figure 5). As described above, in the event of a power grid contingency, such as a weak power grid, the utility grid impedance 136 is too high to accommodate the power generated by generator 26. As a result, the polar step slip can occur, causing repetitive voltage depressions and power pulsations in the utility grid 136 and wind turbine 10. In addition, the weak grid causes a reduction in voltage equivalent to Thevenin at load 140 in the utility grid 136. For To facilitate avoiding the occurrence of polar step slip after a mains contingency event, a power command for the converter interface controller 156 is rapidly reduced. More specifically, the actual current command signal 166 is generated by the power regulator 182 and transmitted to the converter interface controller 156. The actual current command signal 166 instructs the converter interface controller 156 to decrease a component of actual current that the conversion assembly 34 attempts to inject over the utility grid 136. Additionally, to withstand the terminal voltage, by cutting the terminal voltage identified by voltage regulator 184 based on the terminal voltage feedback signal 160, voltage regulator 184 generates reactive current command signal 168 and sends reactive current command signal 168 to converter interface controller 156. Current command signal 168 instructs converter interface controller 156 to increase a component of reactive current injected into the utility grid 136 upon the occurrence of a electrical network.
[053] In the realization, the power regulator 182 receives the power control signal 198 from the power limiter 180. The power control signal 198 provides the power regulator 182 with a signal that corresponds to an occurrence of a power event. electrical network contingency. As described above, a low voltage terminal is an indication that a mains contingency event has occurred. In addition, a high PLL error is an indication that a mains contingency event has occurred. To determine whether a mains contingency event has occurred, a function block 220 within power limiter 180 receives the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 and / or the PLL error signal 190. A power limit function block power 222 generates a power limit control signal 224 based on function block output 226 220. Power limit control signal 224 and reference power control signal 194 are supplied to a comparator function block 230. Comparator function block 230 generates the power command signal 198 which corresponds to the smallest power limit control signal 224 and reference power control signal 194.
[054] In the realization, upon the occurrence of an electrical network contingency event, the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 indicates a sudden reduction in the terminal voltage. Consequently, the power limit function block 222 generates a rapidly reducing power limit control signal 224. The fast reduction power limit control signal 224 facilitates system stabilization 150 while substantially reducing polar step slip. After the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 indicates that the mains contingency event has ended (for example, the terminal voltage rise), the power limit function block 222 generates a non-uniform power limit control signal 224. The actual current injected into the utility grid 136 rises according to the power limit control signal 224. Increasing the power injected into the utility grid 136 unevenly makes it easier to avoid power fluctuations , rotor vibration, rotor acceleration, and overrun. As used herein, the increase in power injected into the electrical network 136 in a non-uniform manner generally means changing the rate at which power is injected into the electrical network over time. For example, the rate may start at a fast rate and then change to a slower rate as the power injected into the power grid approaches the power designated by the power limit control signal 224. When changing the power limit control signal power 224 over time unevenly, the power injected into the mains 136 has a quick rise portion to a safe level for mains stability and then a slow rise portion as the full power is reached. For example, the safe level for mains stability can be a predetermined first power output level. In a non-limiting example, the safe level for mains stability can be 50 to 70 percent of total power under given conditions. The power boost quick lift portion on the front of the recovery from a mains contingency event helps to reduce rotor acceleration and vibration. Slowly increasing the power injected into the utility grid 136 in the last portion of power injection into the grid by means of recovery provides time for further level changes in system operation 150 that allow system 150 to adapt to the contingency event of electrical network, mitigate overtaking, and reduce any vibration that does not occur while reaching the total power injected into the electrical network. In one embodiment, the portion of rapid elevation of power injection into the mains when recovering from a mains contingency event comprises changing the power limit control signal 224 and, subsequently, the power injected into the mains by a feed rate of 300 percent rated power at a given wind speed per second, or higher. In a non-limiting example, power is injected into power grid 136 at a first (fast) rate of 300 percent rated power at a given wind speed per second, or higher, and then injected into power grid 136 in a second (slow) rate of less than 300 percent rated power at a given wind speed per second, for example, 100 percent rated power at a given wind speed per second. In another non-limiting example, power is injected into power grid 136 at a first (fast) rate of 300 percent nominal power at a given wind speed per second, or higher, and then injected into power grid 136 in a second (slow) rate of less than 100 percent rated power at a given wind speed per second.
[055] Figures 7A and 7B are non-limiting examples of graphical representations of non-uniform feed rates for power injection into the power grid during the recovery from a power grid contingency event. Figure 7A illustrates a graph 702 that has a plurality of linear segments, where each segment has a different slope, so that the rate for bringing the wind turbine back to rated power at a given wind speed is initially fast and then decreases as the total rated power is reached. Figure 7B illustrates a portion of the rate of advance that is nonlinear on a 704 graph, so that the rate for bringing the wind turbine back to rated power at a given wind speed is initially fast and then decreases with rated power total is achieved. It should be understood that Figures 7A and 7B are examples and any combination of linear or non-linear segments that represent the rate of advance can be used to increase the power and / or actual current output by the power converter in a non-uniform manner.
[056] Returning to Figure 6, in the realization, the power limit control signal 224 is compared to the reference power control signal 194. The comparator function block 230 generates the power command signal 198 based on the decrease power limit control signal 224 and reference power control signal 194. For example, power limit control signal 224 is less than the reference power control signal 194 after an event has occurred power contingency, and as such, the power command signal 198 is generated based on the power limit control signal 224. During normal system operation 150 (that is, in the power contingency event) , the reference power control signal 194 is less than the power limit control signal 224, and the power command signal 198 is based on the predetermined reference power control signal 194.
[057] As described above, the PLL 190 error signal and the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 are both indicators of the occurrence of a mains contingency event. For example, a PLL error signal 190 that corresponds to a high PLL error and a terminal voltage feedback signal 160 that corresponds to a reduction in terminal voltage 138 are indications that a mains contingency event has occurred. In response to a high PLL error signal 190 and / or a low terminal voltage feedback signal 160, the power limit function block 222 generates a fast reduction power limit control signal 224. After the signal error message PLL 190 and / or the terminal voltage feedback signal 160 indicates that the mains contingency event has ended (for example, the PLL error and / or the terminal voltage returns to a predefined level), the power limit function 222 generates a non-uniform lifting power limit control signal 224. The power injected into the utility grid 136 raises non-uniformly according to the power limit control signal 224. As described above, the non-uniform power injection rapid rise portion in the front part of recovery from a mains contingency event helps to reduce rotor acceleration and vibration. Slowly increasing the power injected into the utility grid 136 in the last portion of non-uniform power injection into the grid by means of recovery provides time for further level changes in system operation 150, which allows system 150 to adapt to the electrical network contingency event, mitigate overtaking, and reduce any vibration that occurs while reaching total injected power into the electrical network. In an alternative embodiment, the power limiter 180 also includes a higher level control 232. Although described as included within the power limiter 180, the higher level control 232 can also be positioned remotely to the power limiter 180. As described above , the non-uniform power injection quick-lift portion in the front part of recovery from a mains contingency event helps to reduce rotor acceleration and vibration. Slowly increasing the power injected into the utility grid 136 in the last portion of non-uniform power injection into the grid by means of recovery provides time for further level changes in system operation 150, which allows system 150 to adapt to the electrical network contingency event, mitigate overtaking, and reduce any vibration that occurs while reaching total injected power into the electrical network. During the slow increase portion of the power injected into the utility grid 136, time is provided for further level changes in system operation 150 that allows the system 150 to adapt to the grid contingency event. The higher level control 232 receives at least one input signal from the wind farm, for example, input signal 234. The input signal from the wind farm 234 may correspond to changes in the utility grid 136, for example, but not limited to, circuit breaker contact signals or remote substation communication signals. Input signal 234 can also correspond to a voltage measurement at a common coupling point for a plurality of wind turbines within a wind farm. In the realization, the higher level control 232 generates a reduction signal 236 based at least partially on the input signal 234, and provides the reduction signal 236 to select wind turbines from the plurality of wind turbines. More specifically, the reduction signal 236 is provided in comparator function block 230, in which the power control signal 198 is generated. For example, if the input signal 234 received by the higher level control 232 corresponds to more than a predefined number of remote substations unable to bear the power level that is currently received, the higher level control 232 will generate the reduction 236 which, upon receipt, instructs comparator function block 230 to generate a power command signal 198 that reduces a wind turbine output below that which would otherwise be available from prevailing wind conditions. In another example, if the higher level control 232 determines that the voltage at the common coupling point for a plurality of wind turbines has remained below a predefined level for more than a predefined period of time, the higher level control 232 will generate the reduction signal 236 which, upon receipt, instructs comparator function block 230 to generate a power command signal 198 that reduces a wind turbine output below that which would otherwise be available in prevailing wind conditions.
[058] In the embodiment, the power limiting system 152 also includes a memory, for example, memory 66 (shown in Figure 3). Memory 66 is configured to store data related to wind turbine operation 10. For example, memory 66 can store at least one variable that corresponds to, for example, but not limited to, PLL error 190 and voltage feedback 160. More specifically, controller 44 is configured to sample the current value of predetermined variables and store the current value in memory 66 upon the occurrence of an event. For example, upon the occurrence of a mains contingency event, the current values for error PLL 190 and voltage feedback 160 are stored in memory 66. Memory 66 can be accessed by a user to, for example, monitor the wind turbine operation 10.
[059] Figure 8 is a graphical view of power line voltage versus time that can be associated with wind turbine 10 (shown in Figure 1). Graph 240 includes an ordinate (geometric axis y) 242 that represents the mains line voltage in percentage units (%). The geometric axis y 242 illustrates 0% at the origin of the graph and extends to 100%. A mains line voltage of 0% is indicative of zero voltage in the utility grid 136 (shown in Figure 4). A mains line voltage of 100% indicates that the terminal mains voltage 138 is 100% of the predetermined nominal voltage associated with the wind turbine 10. Graph 240 also includes an abscissa (x-axis) 244 that represents time in seconds (s). A zero voltage transient is illustrated by starting at time equal to zero seconds. This zero voltage transient can correspond to a mains event, for example, an unbound load that causes a zero voltage mains condition. In the realization, the condition of zero voltage in the utility grid 136 is 0.15 seconds, in which the voltage in the utility grid 136 recovers fully to 100% in approximately 3.5 seconds after the transient initialization. Alternatively, a length of time of the zero voltage condition and the characteristics of a mains voltage recovery depends on a variety of factors known in the art.
[060] When the voltage drops to zero, as shown in Figure 8, faults are likely to occur that prevent generator 26 from transmitting electrical power to the utility grid 136. In the event that the wind continues to turn the rotor 14 (shown in Figure 1), generator 26 continues to generate energy that is not converted into electrical energy. Instead, the energy accelerates the rotor 14 until a trigger attribute is initiated that can include a manual trigger or an automated acceleration trigger.
[061] Figure 9 illustrates a power output simulation of a wind turbine included within a power generation and delivery system by recovering an electrical network contingency event that compares the uniform recovery rate (dashed line) 902 with non-uniform recovery rate (continuous line) 904. In this simulation, the rated power output of the wind turbine is approximately 1,520 kW. As shown in Figure 9, the wind turbine experiences a power grid contingency event in time = 100 seconds, which dramatically decreases the amount of power injected into the power grid. Soon after that, the wind turbine begins to recover the power output of the wind turbine that is injected into the power grid. Line 902 illustrates a uniform recovery rate of approximately 50 percent rated power per second. As can be seen, this uniform and relatively slow rate of recovery results in a longer period of time until the rated emitted power is reached and a considerable exceedance of rated power, thus causing significant power fluctuations until a stable rated power output. be achieved. In addition, due to the relatively slow recovery rate illustrated by line 902 of the grid contingency event, turbine components may be subjected to longer vibrations at various frequencies as the wind turbine recovers from the grid contingency event. These vibrations can cause the wind turbine to fire off-line and / or damage wind turbine components. Especially damaging are long periods when the rotor moves through the natural frequencies and / or critical speeds of the wind turbine.
[062] Line 904 illustrates a non-uniform rate of nominal power recovery after a mains contingency event. As before, just after the power grid contingency event occurs in approximately 100 seconds, the wind turbine begins to recover by injecting more power into the power grid. As shown with line 904, this first involves a quick lift 906 to a safe level for mains stability, and then a slower lift 908 as a final total rated power and / or actual current output is achieved. As shown in Figure 9, the fast lift portion 906 of power and / or actual current output by the wind turbine power converter may comprise an elevation of 300 percent per second, or greater. In addition, as shown in Figure 9, the slow rise in the 908 portion of power and / or actual current output by the power converter may comprise an increase of less than 300 percent per second. For example, the slow rising portion 908 may comprise a power output recovery rate of approximately 50 percent of rated wind turbine power output per second. As can be seen by line 904 in Figure 9, the overrun of the power output using the non-uniform recovery rate is less severe than when using the slower uniform recovery rate illustrated by line 902. Additionally, when accelerating quickly through periods of high vibration in the quick lift portion 906, the likelihood of cutting or vibration damage is less.
[063] Figure 10 illustrates a generator speed simulation of a wind turbine included within a power generation and delivery system by recovering an electrical network contingency event that compares the uniform recovery rate (dashed line) 1002 with a non-uniform recovery rate (continuous line) 1004. In this simulation, the rated generator speed is approximately 1,440 revolutions per minute. As shown in Figure 10, the wind turbine experiences a power grid contingency event in time = 100 seconds, which dramatically increases the generator speed and decreases the amount of power injected into the power grid. Soon after that, the wind turbine begins to recover the power output of the wind turbine that is injected into the power grid. Line 1002 illustrates a uniform recovery rate of approximately 50 percent rated power per second. As can be seen, this uniform and relatively slow rate of recovery results in significantly higher generator speed during and after the power grid contingency event. This acceleration can cause the wind turbine to fire off-line and / or damage the wind turbine components.
[064] Line 1004 illustrates the generator speed after a mains contingency event using a non-uniform rate of nominal power recovery after the mains contingency event. As before, just after the power grid contingency event occurs in approximately 100 seconds, the wind turbine begins to recover by injecting more power into the power grid. As shown with line 1004, the generator speed during and after the contingency event is not as great as it would be with the use of a uniform recovery rate. This decreases the likelihood of an accelerated trip or damage to the wind turbine.
[065] Figure 11 is a flow chart 260 that illustrates an exemplary method for operating a wind turbine, for example, wind turbine 10 (shown in Figure 1), included within a power generation and delivery system, by example, the power generation and delivery system 150 (shown in Figure 4). Although described as a method for operating a wind turbine, the method can also be applied to the operation of more than one wind turbine 10 (ie, a wind farm). In the realization, the method includes measuring 270 at least one operating condition of the power generation and delivery system 150, in which at least one operating condition is dependent on an occurrence of an electrical network contingency event. As described above, the measured operating conditions provide an indication of an occurrence of an electrical network contingency event. The measured operating condition may include, but is not limited to, at least one of a phase capture loop (PLL) error and a terminal mains voltage. The method also includes transmitting 272, to a power limiting system, an operating condition feedback signal that corresponds to at least one operating condition. More specifically, the PLL 190 error signal (shown in Figure 5) can be generated by a PLL regulator, for example, the PLL regulator 80 (shown in Figure 5) and transmitted 272 to the power limiting system 152 (shown in Figure 5). The PLL 190 error signal can correspond to a prolonged phase error monitored by the PLL 80 regulator. In addition, the terminal 160 voltage feedback signal (shown in Figure 5) can be measured by sensor 54 ( shown in Figure 3) and transmitted 272 to the power limiting system 152.
[066] In the realization, the method also includes analyzing 274, with the use of a power limiting system 152, the operating condition feedback signal to identify an occurrence of an electrical network contingency event. For example, a PLL 190 error signal increase provides an indication that a mains contingency event is occurring and / or a rapidly decreasing terminal mains voltage 138 provides an indication that a mains contingency event electrical network is taking place. The method also includes generating 276, using a power limiting system 152, a real current command signal that corresponds to an occurrence of an electrical network contingency event. For example, a real current command signal, such as real current command signal 166 (shown in Figure 5) is generated by the power limiting system 152. The actual current command signal 166 can be based on at least partially the terminal mains voltage and is used as an indicator of an occurrence of a mains contingency event. For example, a real current command signal 166 is generated that corresponds to an occurrence of a mains contingency event when the mains voltage of terminal 138 is below a predefined level.
[067] The actual current command signal 166 may also be based at least partially on the PLL 190 error signal. For example, a real current command signal 166 that corresponds to an occurrence of a network contingency event voltage is generated when the PLL 190 error signal is above a predefined level.
[068] The actual current command signal 166 may also be based on both the terminal 138 mains voltage and the PLL 190 error signal. In this alternative embodiment, if the terminal 138 mains voltage and / or the PLL 190 error signal indicates the occurrence of a mains contingency event, the power limiting system 152 emits a real current command signal 166 that corresponds to an occurrence of a mains contingency event.
[069] The method also includes transmitting 278 the actual current command signal 166 to a controller, for example, the converter interface controller 156 (shown in Figure 5) and applying 280 the actual current command signal 166 to the performance of a power converter, for example, the power conversion assembly 34 (shown in Figure 3). Upon receipt of the actual current command signal 166 that corresponds to an occurrence of a mains contingency event, the power conversion assembly 34 quickly reduces a real current output. In addition, upon receipt of a real current command signal 166 that indicates a recovery from the mains contingency event, the power conversion assembly 34 increases the actual current output unevenly by power conversion assembly 34 to facilitate the stable recovery of the electrical network contingency event.
[070] In the realization, the method also includes storing 282, in a memory, at least one variable that corresponds to at least one operating condition upon the occurrence of an electrical network contingency event. For example, variables that correspond to at least one operating condition can be stored 282 in memory 66 (shown in Figure 3). Memory 66 can store a plurality of variables corresponding to, for example, but not limited to, PLL error 190 and voltage feedback 160. More specifically, controller 44 is configured to sample the current value of predetermined variables and storing the current value in memory 66 upon the occurrence of an event. For example, upon the occurrence of a mains contingency event, the current values for the PLL 190 error and voltage feedback 160 are stored in memory 66. Memory 66 can be accessed by a user for, for example, monitor the operation of wind turbine 10 and / or verify the proper operation of wind turbine 10, power limiting system 152, and / or power generation and delivery system 150.
[071] The method may also include transmitting 284 mains voltage from terminal 138 to a voltage regulator, for example, voltage regulator 184 (shown in Figure 5) and generating 286 a reactive current command signal, by example, the reactive current command signal 168, on voltage regulator 184 that increases the reactive current output by power conversion assembly 34 when the mains voltage of terminal 138 indicates the occurrence of a mains contingency event . The higher reactive current supports the mains voltage of terminal 138 until the mains contingency event is resolved or the higher wind turbine control 10 operation is activated. In some embodiments, a higher level control, for example, the higher level control 232 (shown in Figure 6), receives a wind farm operating condition, generates a reduction signal based at least partially on the wind farm operating condition. wind farm, and transmits the reduction signal to the power limiting system 152.
[072] The achievements described above facilitate the efficient and cost-effective operation of a wind turbine. The wind turbine includes a power limiting system that is provided with at least one of a terminal voltage feedback signal and a PLL error signal. The terminal voltage feedback signal and the PLL error signal facilitate the identification of a mains contingency event and signals provided by the methods and systems described in this document facilitate the rapid response of an identified mains contingency event. A rapid reduction in the actual current applied to the utility grid after the identification of a grid contingency event substantially eliminates polar step slip. A non-uniform increase in the actual current applied to the utility grid through the recovery of the utility grid provides time for higher-level control systems to balance the power generated by the wind turbine, or by wind turbines within a wind farm. , with a load level in the utility grid. The method and systems described in this document facilitate the reach of low voltage and zero voltage path and through which it is possible to prevent a generator from firing and / or supporting the electrical network during the transient voltage.
[073] Achievements of a wind turbine, power limiting system, and methods for operating a wind turbine in response to an occurrence of a grid contingency event are described in detail above. The methods, wind turbine, and power limiting system are not limited to the specific realization described in this document but, instead, the components of the wind turbine, the components of the power limiting system, and / or the steps of the methods can be used independently and separately from other components and / or steps described in this document. For example, the power limiting system and methods can also be used in combination with other wind turbine power systems and methods, and are not limited to practice with only the power system as described in this document. Instead, the realization can be deployed and used in connection with many other power system or wind turbine applications.
[074] Although specific attributes of various embodiments of the invention may be shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience purposes only. According to the principles of the invention, any attribute of a design can be referred to and / or claimed in combination with any attribute of any other design.
[075] This written description uses examples to present the invention, including the best mode, and also to allow any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including the production and use of any devices or systems and to perform any built-in methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined through the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that are not different from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the languages of the claims.
[076] As described above and as will be seen by one skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present invention can be configured as a computer program system, method or product. Consequently, the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by various means, including entirely hardware, entirely software, or any combination of software and hardware. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-readable storage media that has computer-readable program instructions (e.g., computer software) integrated into the storage media. Any suitable non-transitory computer-readable storage media can be used, including hard drives, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices or magnetic storage devices.
[077] The realizations of the present invention have been described above with reference to illustrations of block diagrams and flowcharts of methods, apparatus (i.e., systems) and computer program products. It will be understood that each block of the block diagram and flow chart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagram and flow chart illustrations, respectively, can be deployed by various means, including computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing devices, such as the one or more processors 64 discussed above with reference to Figure 3, to produce a machine , so that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable data processing devices create means to implement the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[078] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a non-transitory, computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing devices (for example, one or more 64 processors in Figure 3) to function properly. in a particular way, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufacturing article that includes computer-readable instructions to implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that instructions that run on the computer or other programmable device provide steps to implement the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[079] Consequently, the blocks in the block diagram and flowchart illustrations support combinations of means to perform the specified functions, combinations of steps to perform the specified functions, and program instruction means to perform the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block in the block diagram and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagram and flowchart illustrations, can be deployed by a computer system based on special-purpose hardware that performs the functions or steps specified, or combinations of special-purpose computer and hardware instructions.
[080] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, it is in no way intended that any method presented in this document be understood to require that its steps be performed in a specific order. Consequently, when a method claim does not actually quote an order to be followed by its steps or is not specifically stated otherwise in the claims or descriptions that the steps should be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intended that a order is inferred in any respect. This holds for any unspoken basis possible for interpretation, including: matter of logic in relation to the arrangement of steps or operational flow; obvious meaning derived from grammatical organization or punctuation; the number or type of achievements described in the specification.
[081] Throughout this request, several publications can be referred to. The inventions of these publications are fully incorporated here by way of reference in that application in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which the methods and systems belong.
[082] Many modifications and other realizations of the inventions presented in this document will come to the mind of a person skilled in the art to which these realizations of the invention belong, who have the benefit of the teachings presented in the state of the art. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments of the invention should not be limited to specific embodiments and that the modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, although the state of the art describes accomplishments in the context of certain combinations of elements and / or functions, it should be noted that different combinations of elements and / or functions can be provided by alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In this regard, for example, different combinations of elements and / or functions in addition to those explicitly described above are also contemplated, as can be shown in some of the attached claims. Although specific terms are used in this document, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for the purpose of limitation.

权利要求:
Claims (11)
[0001]
1. METHOD (260) TO CONTROL THE OPERATION OF A WIND TURBINE (10) INCLUDED IN A POWER GENERATION AND DELIVERY SYSTEM (150), the wind turbine (10) comprising a rotor (14) comprising a plurality of rotor blades (24), an electric generator (26), a power converter (34) and a controller (44), the method (260) comprising: measuring (270) at least one operating condition of the generation system and power delivery (150), the operating condition being dependent on an occurrence of a contingency event of the electrical network; transmitting (272), to a power limiting system (152), an operating condition feedback signal that corresponds to the operating condition; analyze (274), using the power limiting system (152), the operating condition feedback signal to identify an occurrence of an electrical network contingency event; generate (276), using the power limiting system (152), a power command signal (166) corresponding to the occurrence of the electrical network contingency event; transmitting (278) the power command signal (166) to the controller (44); the method being characterized by comprising: controlling the operation of the power converter (34) based, at least in part, on the power command signal (166) by increasing the actual current output by the power converter (34) non-uniform way when the power command signal (166) indicates the recovery of the electrical network contingency event; and where to control the operation of the power converter (34) based, at least in part, on the power command signal (166) by increasing the actual current output by the power converter (34) in a non-uniform manner when the power command signal (166) indicating the recovery of the mains contingency event comprises increasing the actual current output by the power converter (34) at a first fast rate (906) and then a second slower rate (908 ) until a final full real current output is obtained.
[0002]
2. METHOD (260), according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises storing (282), in a memory (66), at least one variable corresponding to the operating condition upon the occurrence of the network contingency event to facilitate the determination of whether the power generation and delivery system (150) is operating properly.
[0003]
METHOD (260) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it measures (270) at least one operating condition including measuring at least one of a phase capture loop error and a mains voltage terminal (138).
[0004]
METHOD (260) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that applying (280) the actual current command signal (166) to the performance of the power converter (34) comprises rapidly reducing the current output by the power converter (34) upon receipt of a real current command signal (166) that corresponds to an electrical network contingency event.
[0005]
METHOD (260) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first rate of output (906) of real current through the power converter (34) comprises an increase of 300 percent per second or more.
[0006]
METHOD (260) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second rate of the actual current output (908) by the power converter (34) comprises an increase of less than 300 percent per second.
[0007]
METHOD (260) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by increasing the actual current output through the power converter (34) in a non-uniform manner when the power command signal (166) indicates the recovery of the The contingency event of the power grid comprises decreasing the probability of the vibration causing the wind turbine to be cut (10) or damage to the wind turbine (10).
[0008]
METHOD (260) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the real current output through the power converter (34) increases unevenly when the power command signal (166) indicates recovery the contingency event of the power grid comprises decreasing the probability of accelerating the wind turbine cut (10) or damage to the wind turbine (10).
[0009]
9. METHOD (260) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the operation of controlling the power converter (34) based at least partially on the power command signal (166) by increasing the output of actual current through the power converter (34) non-uniformly when the power command signal (166) indicates the recovery of the mains contingency event comprises at least partially increasing the real current output through the power converter (34) in a non-linear manner.
[0010]
10. POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (150), which comprises: an electric generator (26); comprising a power conversion assembly (34) coupled to the electric generator (26) and to a public utility network (136), the power conversion assembly (34) being configured to receive power generated by the electric generator (26) and convert the received power into a power suitable for transmission through the utility grid (136), characterized by the power conversion assembly (34) being additionally configured to increase a real current output by the conversion assembly of power (34) in a non-uniform manner upon receipt of a real current control signal corresponding to the recovery of an electrical network contingency event; and, a power limiting system (180) communicatively coupled to the power conversion assembly (34) and configured to provide a real current control signal to the power conversion assembly (34), the control signal being actual current is based at least partially on at least one measured indicator of a mains contingency event, the power limiting system (180) comprising a memory (66) configured to store at least one variable that corresponds to the indicator measured from a mains contingency event through an occurrence of the mains contingency event, in which the power conversion assembly (34) is further configured to increase the actual current output by the power conversion assembly (34) of non-uniform way when the power command signal (198) indicates the recovery of the electrical network contingency event comprises increasing the actual current output by the assembly of power conversion (34) at a first rate to a safe level for mains stability and then at a second rate, until a final full real current output is obtained.
[0011]
11. SYSTEM, according to claim 10, characterized in that the power conversion assembly (34) is configured to increase the actual current output by the power converter (34) in a non-uniform manner when the power command signal (198 ) indicating the recovery of the electrical network contingency event comprises increasing the actual current output by the power conversion assembly (34) at least partially in a non-linear manner.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CN103856129B|2019-05-03|

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BR102013029008A2|2015-07-21|

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CN103856129A|2014-06-11|

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CA2833894A1|2014-05-30|

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EP2738904A3|2017-11-15|

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IN2013CH04971A|2015-07-31|

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US8872372B2|2014-10-28|

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US20140152010A1|2014-06-05|

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CA2833894C|2017-02-28|

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EP2738904A2|2014-06-04|

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法律状态:
2015-07-21| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|

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2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2020-02-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-06-02| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-09-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-12-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 11/11/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US13/689,872|US8872372B2|2012-11-30|2012-11-30|Method and systems for operating a wind turbine when recovering from a grid contingency event|

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US13/689,872|2012-11-30|

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